deutsche Übersetzung

[[[:Vorlage:Fullurl:]] bearbeiten] Die FIDE-Schachregeln

Die FIDE Schachregeln gelten für das Spielen am Brett. Der englische Text ist die authentische Fassung der FIDE Schachregeln, angenommen vom 77. FIDE-Kongress in Dresden (Deutschland), November 2008. Sie treten am 1. Juli 2009 in Kraft. In diesen Regeln werden Personenbezeichnungen und ihre Fürwörter so verwendet, dass sie unterschiedslos das männliche und das weibliche Geschlecht mit einschließen.

Vorwort

Die Schachregeln können weder alle Situationen erfassen, die sich im Laufe einer Partie ergeben können, noch können sie alle administrativen Fragen regeln. In Fällen, die nicht durch einen Artikel der Schachregeln genau geklärt sind, sollte es möglich sein, durch das Studium analoger Situationen, die von den Schachregeln erfasst werden, zu einer korrekten Entscheidung zu gelangen. Die Schachregeln setzen voraus, dass Schiedsrichter das notwendige Sachverständnis, gesundes Urteilsvermögen und absolute Objektivität besitzen. Eine allzu detaillierte Regelung könnte dem Schiedsrichter seine Entscheidungsfreiheit nehmen und ihn somit daran hindern, eine sportliche, logische und den speziellen Gegebenheiten angemessene Lösung zu finden. Die FIDE appelliert an alle Schachspieler und Föderationen, sich dieser Auffassung anzuschließen. Eine angeschlossene Föderation hat das Recht, detailliertere Schachregeln einzuführen, vorausgesetzt, dass diese: a) in keiner Weise mit den offiziellen Schachregeln der FIDE in Konflikt treten, b) nur im Gebiet der betreffenden Föderation Anwendung finden, c) weder für Wettkämpfe, Meisterschaften oder Qualifikationsturniere der FIDE, noch für Titel- oder Wertungsturniere der FIDE gelten.

GRUNDSPIELREGELN

Artikel 1: Wesen und Ziele des Schachspiels

1. Das Schachspiel wird zwischen zwei Gegnern gespielt, die abwechselnd ihre Figuren auf einem quadratischen Spielbrett, "Schachbrett" genannt, ziehen. Der Spieler mit den weißen Figuren beginnt die Partie. Ein Spieler "ist am Zug", sobald der Zug seines Gegners ausgeführt worden ist (siehe Artikel 6.7).
2. Das Ziel eines jeden Spielers ist es, den gegnerischen König so "anzugreifen", dass der Gegner keinen regelgemäßen Zug zur Verfügung hat. Der Spieler, der dieses Ziel erreicht, hat den gegnerischen König "mattgesetzt" und das Spiel gewonnen. Es ist nicht erlaubt, den eigenen König im Angriff stehen zu lassen, den eigenen König einem Angriff auszusetzen oder den König des Gegners zu schlagen. Der Gegner, dessen König mattgesetzt worden ist, hat das Spiel verloren.
3. Ist eine Stellung erreicht, in der keinem der beiden Spieler das Mattsetzen mehr möglich ist, ist das Spiel "remis" (unentschieden).

Artikel 2: Die Anfangsstellung der Figuren auf dem Schachbrett

1. Das Schachbrett besteht aus einem 8 x 8 Gitter von 64 gleich großen Quadraten, die abwechselnd hell und dunkel sind (die "weißen" und die "schwarzen Felder"). Das Schachbrett wird so zwischen die beiden Spieler gelegt, dass auf der Seite vor einem Spieler das rechte Eckfeld weiß ist.
2. Zu Beginn der Partie hat der eine Spieler 16 helle ("weiße"), der andere 16 dunkle ("schwarze") Figuren. Diese Figuren sind die folgenden:

englisches Original

FIDE LAWS of CHESS

FIDE Laws of Chess cover over-the-board play. The English text is the authentic version of the Laws of Chess, which was adopted at the 77th FIDE Congress at Dresden (Germany), November 2008, coming into force on 1 July 2009. In these Laws the words „he“, „him“ and „his“ include „she“ and „her“.

Preface

The Laws of Chess cannot cover all possible situations that may arise during a game, nor can they regulate all administrative questions. Where cases are not precisely regulated by an Article of the Laws, it should be possible to reach a correct decision by studying analogous situations which are discussed in the Laws. The Laws assume that arbiters have the necessary competence, sound judgement and absolute objectivity. Too detailed a rule might deprive the arbiter of his freedom of judgement and thus prevent him from finding the solution to a problem dictated by fairness, logic and special factors. FIDE appeals to all chess players and federations to accept this view. A member federation is free to introduce more detailed rules provided they: a. do not conflict in any way with the official FIDE Laws of Chess; b. are limited to the territory of the federation concerned; and c. are not valid for any FIDE match, championship or qualifying event, or for a FIDE title or rating tournament.

BASIC RULES OF PLAY

Article 1: The nature and objectives of the game of chess

1. The game of chess is played between two opponents who move their pieces alternately on a square board called a „chessboard“. The player with the white pieces commences the game. A player is said to „have the move“, when his opponent’s move has been made.(See Article 6.7)
2. The objective of each player is to place the opponent’s king „under attack“ in such a way that the opponent has no legal move. The player who achieves this goal is said to have „checkmated“ the opponent’s king and to have won the game. Leaving one’s own king under attack, exposing one’s own king to attack and also ’capturing’ the opponent’s king are not allowed. The opponent whose king has been checkmated has lost the game.
3. If the position is such that neither player can possibly checkmate, the game is drawn.

Article 2: The initial position of the pieces on the chessboard

1. The chessboard is composed of an 8 x 8 grid of 64 equal squares alternately light (the „white“ squares) and dark (the „black“ squares).
   The chessboard is placed between the players in such a way that the near corner square to the right of the player is white.
2. At the beginning of the game one player has 16 light-coloured pieces (the „white“ pieces); the other has 16 dark-coloured pieces (the „black“ pieces).
   
   

   These pieces are as follows:
   

   • A white king usually indicated by the symbol
     
   • A white queen usually indicated by the symbol
     
   • Two white rooks usually indicated by the symbol
     
   • Two white bishops usually indicated by the symbol
     
   • Two white knights usually indicated by the symbol
     
   • Eight white pawns usually indicated by the symbol
     
   • A black king usually indicated by the symbol
     
   • A black queen usually indicated by the symbol
     
   • Two black rooks usually indicated by the symbol
     
   • Two black bishops usually indicated by the symbol
     
   • Two black knights usually indicated by the symbol
     
   • Eight black pawns usually indicated by the symbol
     
     
3. The initial position of the pieces on the chessboard is as follows:
   
4. The eight vertical columns of squares are called „files“. The eight horizontal rows of squares are called „ranks“. A straight line of squares of the same colour, running from one edge of the board to an adjacent edge, is called a „diagonal“.

Article 3: The moves of the pieces

1. It is not permitted to move a piece to a square occupied by a piece of the same colour. If a piece moves to a square occupied by an opponent’s piece the latter is captured and removed from the chessboard as part of the same move. A piece is said to attack an opponent’s piece if the piece could make a capture on that square according to the Articles 3.2 to 3.8.
   A piece is considered to attack a square, even if such a piece is constrained from moving to that square because it would then leave or place the king of its own colour under attack.
2. The bishop may move to any square along a diagonal on which it stands.
3. The rook may move to any square along the file or the rank on which it stands.
4. The queen may move to any square along the file, the rank or a diagonal on which it stands.
5. When making these moves the bishop, rook or queen may not move over any intervening pieces.
6. The knight may move to one of the squares nearest to that on which it stands but not on the same rank, file or diagonal.
   1. The pawn may move forward to the unoccupied square immediately in front of it on the same file, or
   2. on its first move the pawn may move as in 3.7.a; alternatively it may advance two squares along the same file provided both squares are unoccupied, or
   3. the pawn may move to a square occupied by an opponent’s piece, which is diagonally in front of it on an adjacent file, capturing that piece.
   4. A pawn attacking a square crossed by an opponent’s pawn which has advanced two squares in one move from its original square may capture this opponent’s pawn as though the latter had been moved only one square. This capture is only legal on the move following this advance and is called an „en passant“ capture.
   5. When a pawn reaches the rank furthest from its starting position it must be exchanged as part of the same move on the same square for a new queen, rook, bishop or knight of the same colour. The player’s choice is not restricted to pieces that have been captured previously. This exchange of a pawn for another piece is called „promotion“ and the effect of the new piece is immediate.
7. There are two different ways of moving the king, by moving to any adjoining square not attacked by one or more of the opponent’s pieces.

or „castling“.